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NASA-led research has discovered that the amount of heat retained by Earth's land, ocean, and atmosphere has doubled in only 14 years, raising concerns about human-caused climate change.
Scientists from NASA and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) discovered that the Earth's energy imbalance nearly quadrupled between 2005 and 2019.
To conclude this result, scientists examined data from two independent measurements: NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and data from Argo, a global network of ocean floats that allows an accurate calculation of the rate at which the world's seas are warming.
“The two very separate ways of looking at changes in Earth's energy imbalance are in very, really strong agreement, and they're both showing this very substantial trend,” said Norman Loeb, lead author and chief investigator for CERES at NASA.
In a study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, he added, "The patterns we identified were rather worrying in a way."
Human-caused increases in greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere, absorbing outgoing radiation that would otherwise escape into space.
Other changes, such as the melting of snow and ice, as well as increased water vapour and cloud changes, might exacerbate the warmth.
The studies revealed that “earth's energy imbalance is the net consequence of all these factors.”
An increase in greenhouse gases attributable to human activity, generally known as anthropogenic forcing, together with increases in water vapour, are trapping more outgoing longwave radiation, further adding to Earth's energy imbalance, according to the study.
In addition, the reduction in clouds and sea ice causes more solar radiation to be absorbed.
“It's most likely a combination of anthropogenic forcing and internal variability, and they're both producing warming throughout this time span, resulting in a rather big change in Earth's energy imbalance. The scale of the rise is unprecedented, according to Loeb.
Unless the rate of heat intake slows, more climate change than is already occurring should be predicted.
“Understanding Earth's changing climate requires observing the extent and changes of this energy imbalance,” said Gregory Johnson, a physical oceanographer at NOAA.
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